Cikakken tsarin kayan aikin kula da najasa ya kamata ya kasance yadda tare da kayan haɗi.

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da cikakken tsarin kula da najasa na gari bisa ga yawan jama'ar yankin, yanayin ƙasa, yanayin tattalin arziki da sauran dalilai, sannan a zaɓi kayan aikin kula da najasa da suka dace da haɗin kai. Gilashin shine mataki na farko a cikin tsarin kula da najasa, wanda ake amfani dashi don toshe manyan abubuwa masu ƙarfi. Ana iya raba grating zuwa gasasshen gasa da kuma gasa mai kyau, ana amfani da gasa mai ƙaƙƙarfan don magance manyan abubuwan da aka dakatar, kamar ganye, jakunkuna; Gashi mai kyau ana amfani da shi ne don magance ƙananan abubuwan da aka dakatar, kamar laka, tarkace, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da tankin daidaita yashi don cire barbashi yashi da ɓangarorin inorganic tare da babban rabo a cikin najasa. Gabaɗaya, an saita wani ma'auni na tanki mai tsafta a cikin tankin mai daɗaɗɗa, kuma nauyin najasa yana gudana. Tanki na farko shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin kula da najasa, wanda ake amfani dashi don cire abubuwan da aka dakatar da wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin najasa.

Tankin da ake zubarwa na farko yana daidaita al'amarin da aka dakatar zuwa kasa ta hanyar hazo na dabi'a ko gogewar laka, sannan ya wuce ta kayan aikin fitar da laka. Tankin amsawar halittu shine babban ɓangaren tsarin kula da najasa, wanda ake amfani dashi don ƙasƙantar da kwayoyin halitta da kuma kawar da gurɓataccen abu kamar ammonia nitrogen da phosphorus. Dabbobi daban-daban ana noma su gabaɗaya a cikin tafkin amsawar halittu, gami da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na anaerobic, waɗanda zasu iya juyar da kwayoyin halitta zuwa abubuwa marasa lahani ta hanyar aikin rayuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta. Tankin na biyu na tanki shine tanki mai lalata bayan tankin amsawar halittu, wanda ake amfani dashi don raba sludge mai kunnawa a cikin tankin amsawar halittu daga ruwan da aka kula dashi. Na biyu sedimentation tanki scratches da kunna sludge zuwa tsakiyar sludge tattara yankin ta sludge scraper ko laka tsotsa inji, sa'an nan da kunna sludge aka mayar da shi zuwa nazarin halittu dauki tank ta sludge reflux kayan aiki. Ana amfani da kayan aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin najasa. Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su na kawar da cutar sun haɗa da chlorination disinfection da kuma lalatawar ozone.

Baya ga na'urorin kula da magudanar ruwa na sama, akwai wasu na'urori masu taimako, kamar na'urar busa, mahaɗa, famfo ruwa da sauransu. Wadannan na'urori suna taka rawa daban-daban a cikin tsarin kula da najasa, kamar samar da iskar oxygen, hadawa najasa, ɗaga najasa, da dai sauransu.

Lokacin zabar da daidaita kayan aikin najasa, muna buƙatar la'akari da halayen garin da ainihin yanayin garin. Misali, ga wuraren da ke da ƙarancin yawan jama'a da ƙasa mai rikitarwa, ana iya zaɓar ƙanana da na'urori masu sarrafa najasa don sauƙin sufuri da shigarwa; don yankunan da ke da mafi kyawun yanayin tattalin arziki, za a iya zaɓar kayan aiki tare da fasaha mai mahimmanci da ingantaccen magani. A lokaci guda, dole ne a yi la'akari da kulawa da farashin aiki na kayan aiki, da sauƙi da amincin aikin.